Carbohydrates, Vitamins,Proteins,Fat, Disease caused by the Micro Organism,Biology Notes for RRB Exams – Railway ALP and Group D – General Science

Some Important Carbohydrates
Sucrose	Commonly used sugar in day to day life is a disaccharide which on hydrolysis gives glucose and fructose
Lactose	Carbohydrate present in Milk
Glucose	It is a monosaccharides, it can be hydrolyzed further into simpler unit aldehyde or Ketone Present mainly in sweet fruits, ripe grapes, Honey etc
Fructose
Ribose	It forms the basic backbone of RNA
Galactose	It is a monosaccharide obtained by hydrolysis of Lactose with the help of enzyme Lactase
Starch	It is a ploy saccharide and is most commonly found carbohydrate in nature, it acts a storage material in plants and is an important dietary source for humans
Cellulose	Found as abundant organic substance in Plants
Glycogen	Similar characteristic of starch, stores carbohydrates in Animals mainly in liver and muscles

·  All proteins are polymers of Amino Acids

·  Proteins synthesized in the body are called non-essential amino acids

·  Proteins obtained through diet are called essential amino acids

·  Proteins soluble in water are called Globular Proteins Ex: Insulin

·  Proteins not soluble in water are called Fibrous Proteins Ex: Keratin

·  Vitamins are organic compound required by the body to perform biological functions for growth and maintenance of the Organism

·  Vitamins are generally classified as :

Fat Soluble Vitamins	Water Soluble Vitamins
Soluble in Fat and Oils but insoluble in water, they are stored in liver	Soluble only in water
Vitamin : A,D,EK	Vitamin : B and C

·  The in-organic nutrients called as Minerals which are equally essential for the human body in small traces are

Calcium	Potassium	Magnesium	Sodium	Copper	Iodine
Iron	Manganese	Zinc	Selenium

·  Fat – one of the three main macronutrients is also known as triglycerides which are esters of three fatty acid chains and alcohol glycerol

·  Cholesterol and triglycerides are lipids, which are insoluble in water but soluble in alcohol

·  The Blood Pressure is controlled by Adrenal Gland

·  Any enzyme that converts proteins into peptides is called protease

Micro Organism	Disease caused by the Micro Organism	Organism effected	Mode of Transmission
Fungi	Ringworm	Human	Skin Contact
Protozoan	Malaria	Human	Female Anopheles Mosquito
AIDS	Human Immuno Deficiency Virus	Humans	Blood exchange
Anthrax	Bacillus Anthraces	Mostly Animals including Humans	Infected Meat
Cholera	Vibrio Cholerae	Humans	Water / Food
Diphtheria	Bacterium Diptheriae	Humans	Air/ Direct contact
Pneumonia	Streptococcus Pneumoniae	Humans	Airborne droplets of sneeze
Plague	Yersinia Pestis	Human	Air/ Direct Contact
Tuberculosis	Mycobacterium	Humans	Air
Chicken Pox	Varicella Zoster Virus	Humans	Air
Cold, Influenza	Rhino Virus	Humans	Airborne
Dengue Fever	Flavivirus	Humans	Female Aedes Mosquito
Ebola	Ebola Virus	Humans	Animal to Human
Foot and Mouth Disease	Picornavirus	Animals	Animal to Animal
Amoebiasis	Entamoeba histolytica	Humans	Contaminated Water