GRAMMAR

GRAMMAR

Produced by Dipankar Ghosh

Relative Clause

1. Rita bought a mango from the market. It was rotten.

2. One day I found the children of the bazaar tormenting a deformed retarded boy. (make it a complex sentence using relative clause)

3. Some people die for their motherland. They are remembered forever.

4. The gallery was crowded. It holds only one thousand people.

5. Macbeth wanted to be king. He murdered Duncan.

6. Some people are idle. They can not prosper in life.

7. A drowning man catches a straw. (broaden the sentence by using a RC)

Noun Clause

1. You have made a mistake. I think so.

2. She will come back. I don’t know the time.

Adverbial Clause

1. The vendor was astonished. He said no more.

2. He is very old. He enjoys good health.

3. Seeing him, they began to run. (Begin with: When)

4. s He was morose and uncommunicative. He ate.

5. The train was very late. He could not reach office in time.

Narration Change

1. “How did you get here child?” asked the man. (ME-09)

2. The teacher said to his students, “You must love your motherland.” (ME-08)

3. The teacher said, “Man is mortal.” (ME-07)

4. “What’s the matter”, my aunt would ask.

5. “I can’t understand why the spring is so late in coming,” said the Giant.

6. Rahul said to his friends, “Let us fulfil the mission of SSA.”

7. The poet Keats has said, “Beauty is truth, truth is beauty.”

8. “How many will you eat, old man?” said the vendor.

9. “Can you eat only one small bowl, then?” asked the vendor.

10. “Why did you kill the goat?” I asked Suresh.

11. The king said to his servant, “Go and catch the bird.”

12. “How selfish I have been!” said the children.

13. “Are cherry seeds lucky?” asked Rakesh.

14. “How happy we were there!” said the children.

15. The teacher said to the student, “Where did you go yesterday?”

16. My father said to me, “Don’t cross the road now.”

17. s “What are your wishes?” the old lady said.

18. I said to her, “Did you have tea?”

19. “Will you stop snorting!” shouted Paul to the man below his berth.

20. The teacher said, “Why were you hit by the stranger?”

21. The captain said, “The man will be on duty tonight.”

Voice Change

1. I received a phone call. (ME-09)

2. We call the tiger our National Animal. (ME-08)

3. Someone wrote this letter in the nineteenth century. (ME-07)

4. Trespassers will be prosecuted.

5. You should water it now and then.

6. We should inform the police of the matter.

7. They made him the king.

8. He was called Netaji by the soldiers of the Azad Hind Fauj.

9. He laughed at me.

10. Have you done it?

11. The rose smells sweet.

12. He ought to help the poor.

13. A car ran over the dog.

14. Let a tent be put up.

15. What can not be cured must be endured.

16. s the municipality is pulling down every one of those unauthorised buildings.

17. I also engaged fifty coolies to push the engine from behind.

18. We worried about his attitude to the poor. (Begin: His…)

19. He punished the guilty. (Begin: The guilty…)

20. His success is guaranteed.

21. Beckett was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature.

22. What did he see?

23. Dho0ni was hitting the ball ferociously.

24. Did you see the man?

Conjunctional Phrase

1. Work hard or you will be unsuccessful. (Begin with: Unless)

2. As soon as the teacher entered the class, students stood up. (No sooner...than)

3. As soon as I saw the book, I bought it. (No sooner...than)

4. Just when the destruction was completed, Newton opened the door. (No sooner...than)

5. As soon as he comes back from school, he is given a glass of milk. (No sooner...than)

6. As soon as he saw me, he ran away. (Make it Negative)

7. No sooner had he seen the man than he left the place. (As soon as)

8. s As soon as Rakrsh spotted the caterpillar on the cherry tree, he removed it. (No sooner...than)

9. They had finished their dinner. They immediately went to bed. (As soon as…)

Simple→ Complex

1. She offered me tea but I asked for a glass of water.

2. The boy was too small to reach up to the branches of the tree.

3. A barking dog seldom bites.

4. I saw the man leaving the room.

5. They found the Giant lying dead.

6. s Only students are allowed here.

Complex Simple

1. Horses which come from Arabia are much in demand.

2. Although he is poor, he is happy.

3. Although the load was light, it was too much for the old man.

4. The boy saw a horse which was galloping down the hill.

5. I know what his name is.

6. s He studied for only eight months with intense concentration and came out forth in the Indian Civil Service examination. (Use Participle Phrase)

7. This the first time that I said this.

8. The boy is not only a scholar but also a player.

Joining

1. The boy was lazy. He was punished.

2. Davy found Faraday. He was sitting on a bench. (Complex)

3. I honour him. He is honest.

4. The old man is very weak. He can not carry the load. (Simple)

5. He saw me. He smiled. (Simple)

6. I do not love him. I do not hate him.

7. He neglected his studies. He failed in the examination.

8. He gave me a pen. It was red in colour.

9. s We must respect all life forms. Only then health be restored. (Unless)

10. The economic value of jute is great. Millions of farmers are engaged in the cultivation of jute. (so…that)

11. I heard a cry. It was coming from the adjacent house.

12. [Join without using ‘and, but, so’]

i. He found the book at last. It was in the library.

ii. She received the message. Immediately she went to meet her brother.

iii. Tom may run fast. He can not catch the train.

iv. I saw men at work at new building. It was to be a factory.

v. Suresh did not come to school. He did not send in an application.

Use of Adverb ‘Too’

1. The poem is too simple to need an explanation.

2. He is very fat. He can not run. (join using ‘Too’)

3. He is too lazy to do this. (Omit ‘Too’)

4. He is too timid to protest. (Omit ‘Too’)

5. s the boy is too intelligent not to understand it. (Omit ‘Too’)

6. The sum is too difficult for me. (Omit ‘Too’)

7. He was too magnanimous to stoop so low. (Omit ‘Too’)

Degree of Comparison

1. Gold is the most precious metal. (Comparative Degree)

2. This is the darkest evening of the year. (Positive Degree)

3. He is as dull as an ass. (Change the Degree of Comparison)

4. My brother is a better student than me. (Positive Degree)

5. s Between the woods and the frozen lake it is the darkest evening of the year. (Positive Degree)

6. Nelson was one of the greatest commanders of England. (Positive Degree)

7. Very few writers are as great as Tolstoy as a novelist. (Superlative Degree)

Affirmative ↔ Negative

1. Only you can carry the load. (Negative)

2. As soon as the children saw the Giant, they ran away. (Negative)

3. The boy is careless about his work. (Negative)

4. The boy is hopeful. (Negative)

5. Man alone changes the shape of the world. (Negative)

6. He is the best boy. (Negative)

7. Everybody hated him. (Negative)

8. Who has seen the future? (Negative)

9. None but the brave deserves the fair. (Use ‘only’)

10. s If neither foes nor loving friends can hurt you, yours is the earth and everything that’s in it. (Affirmative)

11. Life is a bed of thorns. (Negative)

12. A senseless man repeats his mistake. (Use ‘sensible’)

13. I knew their support was conditional even though they seemed friendly. (Use ‘unconditional’)

14. He was severely wounded. (Negative)

15. Shall we not sing together? (Affirmative)

16. Every rose has a thorn. (Negative)

Interrogative↔ Assertive

1. How can I solve this problem? (Change it into a Statement)

2. We were not sent into this world merely to make money. (Interrogative)

Use of ‘help’

1. He could not but go. (Omit ‘but’ and use “help’)

2. She can not help laughing. (Omit ‘help’ and use “but’)

3. He can not but be impractical. (Omit ‘but’ and use “help’)

4. He could not but to write to the headmaster. (Omit ‘but’ and use “help’)