Biology Notes for RRB Exams – Railway ALP and Group D – General Science

Biology  Notes for RRB Exams – Railway ALP and Group D – General Science   

IMPORTANT SCIENTISTS RELATED TO BIOLOGY

A Biologist best known for his science of evolutions	Charles Darwin
French Biologist known for his discoveries of the Principals of Vaccination and Pasteurization	Louis Pasteur
American Molecular Biologist known for his contribution to the discovery of structure of DNA with Francis Crick and Rosalind Franklin in 1953	James Watson
Scottish Physican known for his discovery of enzyme and the world’s first antibiotic substance benzyl penicillin (Penicillin G)	Alexander Fleming
German Microbiologist credited as the founder of modern bacteriology	Robert Koch
Renowned Swedish Botanist Known for Binomial Nomenclature, Taxonomy	Carl Linnaeus
German botanist and co-founder of Cell Theory along with Theodor Schwann and Rudolf Virchow	Matthias Jakob Schleiden
Italian biologist and physician, who is referred to as the Father of microscopical anatomy, histology, physiology and embryology	Marcello Malpighi
German Jewish physician and scientist who worked in the fields of hematology, immunology, and antimicrobial chemotherapy	Paul Ehrlich
Austrian biologist, physician, and immunologist credited with the development of Blood Group System, discovery of Rh Factor and Poliovirus	Karl Landsteiner
French physician who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology in 1907 for his discoveries of parasitic protozoans as causative agents of infectious diseases such as malaria and trypanosomiasis	Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran
Estonian scientist considered as the founding father of embryology	Karl Ernst von Baer
Romanian-American cell biologist. Described as “the most influential cell biologist ever”, in 1974 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine along with Albert Claude and Christian de Duve	George Emil Palade
Dutch microbiologist and botanist and often considered one of the founders of virology and environmental microbiology	Martinus Beijerinck

IMPORTANT ON-LINERS IN BIOLOGY FOR RRB EXAMS (ALP AND GROUP D), SSC EXAMS, UPSC EXAMS

·  Cell is the basic building block of all living Organisms, it is the smallest unit of Organisation in a living thing.

·  There are two types of Cells: Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

Prokaryotes	Eukaryotes
Cells of Organisms which have no defined nucleus	Cells of Organisms which has a defined nucleus
Uni – Cellular	Multi – Cellular
No Cell Organelles	Multi Cell Organelles with Special Function
Bacteria	Fungi, Animals and Plants
Cell Membranes : Compartments of cell surrounded by a thick membrane are called Cell Membrane, which is common to both the types of cell and that holds all cell fluids inside and keeps foreign body away from the Cell

·  Cell was first discovered and coined by Robert Hooke in 1665

·  Theory of Cell is first credited to Theodor Schwann and Matthias Jacob in 1830s

·  Cell Nucleus was first described by Franz Bauer in 1804 however, the discovery is credited to Scottish Botanist Robert Brown in 1831 for his detailed description of Cell Nucleus